political idealism. . was the effective ruler and later formal head of state of first parts of Spain from October 1936 and then all of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. Spanish Civil War, (1936-39) Military revolt against the government of Spain.After the 1936 elections produced a Popular Front government supported mainly by left-wing parties, a military uprising began in garrison towns throughout Spain, led by the rebel Nationalists and supported by conservative elements in the clergy, military, and landowners as well as the fascist Falange. The revolt quickly became a civil war. March 3, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 It won the May 1936 legislative elections, leading to the formation of a government first headed by SFIO leader Lon Blum and exclusively composed of Radical-Socialist and SFIO ministers. a 20th century garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and literature. Franz Ferdinand was emperor of Austria from 1896 until his death. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. A bit of a rabid dog. Codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II -- led to USSR joining the Allies. A diverse bunch,. .And Generalismo Franco Franco is still dead. France During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938). While advocating Irish national self-reliance, its precise political meaning was undefined whether it meant republicanism or Arthur Griffith-style dual monarchism. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). This does not include all those who died from malnutrition, starvation, and war-engendered disease. Their intervention in the Spanish Civil War was a prologue to World War IL. AP European History Textbook . Tolls is such an international brigadier. Wed love to have you back! but he knew nothing of the generals' plans. military problems similar to those of the Republicans. The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. On one side, the Nationalist, were most Roman Catholics, important elements of the military, most landowners, and many businessmen. It resulted in three major treaties: Four-Power Treaty, Five-Power Treaty and the Nine-Power Treaty and a number of smaller agreements. The Germans essentially told the Austrians to stand firm, so which resulted in the Austrians sending Serbia a harsh ultimatum (this demanded things such as allowing Austrian officials to investigate and punish the assassinator). to lead the African installment of the Spanish army against the republic. In the ensuing years, the government became increasingly A succession of governmental crises culminated in the elections of February 16, 1936, which brought to power a Popular Front government supported by most of the parties of the left and opposed by the parties of the right and what remained of the centre. The matter of how many were killed remains highly contentious; however, it is generally believed that the toll of Nationalist violence was higher. Spanish popular front English Civil War Thirty Years' War (2000) "Leadership determines the fate of a country." Evaluate this quotation in reference to Spain's experience under Philip II. extreme right. Despite the division, the government managed to engage the greatest war effort since the First World War. a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology. They wanted the sultan to restore a liberal parliamentary constitution in the Ottoman Empire and threatened that the empire would fall if the constitution was not brought back. Austria did not want the Serbs to gain access to the sea, so they too wanted Albania for themselves. The Germans handed the Austrians a "blank check" in how to deal with Serbia after Franz Ferdinand's assassination. painting by Pablo Picasso, which he was already working on at the time of the Nazi German bombing of Gernika, Spain, by twenty-four bombers, on April 26, 1937 during the Spanish Civil War, and which he decided to name after it. a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany. Corrections? 100 Years' War Four causes are a dynastic dispute, Duchy of Aquitaine (England claim as ancient inheritance, Edward III claim Aquitaine and FR throne as edest heir of Philip the Frair), civil war in FR made war longer, economic factors (Flanders wool important to ENG). The following day the remnant of the Republican government surrendered; Franco would establish himself as dictator and remain in power until his death on November 20, 1975. Chamberlain is perhaps the most ill-regarded British Prime Minister of the 20th century in the popular mind internationally, because of his policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany, a leader of the Czechoslovak independence movement and the second President of Czechoslovakia. Cubism is a painting of a normal scene but painted so that it is viewed from multiple views while the positions of some of the parts are rotated or moved so that it is odd looking and scrambled. Ch. However, this He is particularly remembered for advocating interventionist government policy, by which the government would use fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions, depressions and booms. One major difference setting the Nationalists apart from the Republicans was The Interwar Years (1919-1938): The Spanish Civil War (1931-1939 The other great thing about teaching the Spanish Civil War in a European history class is its incredible wealth of documents. Sometimes it can end up there. Made many demands against Germany to cut down its size and to reimburse France, which had been devastated by the war. The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. Examine the role of communism and fascism in the Spanish Civil War, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Spanish-Civil-War, The Holocaust Encyclopedia - Spanish Civil War, History Learning Site - The Spanish Civil War, Spanish Civil War - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Spanish Civil War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War. French fighters in World War II, who decided to continue fighting against Axis forces after the surrender of France and subsequent German occupation. (Crimea Conference or codenamed the Argonaut Conference) the wartime meeting from February 4 to February 11, 1945 between the heads of the U.S., the U.K., and the Soviet Union Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin. The city had endured a siege of nearly two-and-a-half years, and its residents were in no condition to resist. They granted the right to vote to women. international treaty "providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy." Spanish Civil War, (193639), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. It is considered an important work of Modernist literature. Want 100 or more? Co-owner of one of the Irish Press Newspapers, he served in public office from 1917 to 1973, holding the various Irish prime ministerial and presidential offices. brutal massacre 1500 died and 800 were wounded, but the military targets in the the army had been destroyed by the division of the nation. Sarmad Kako 7th period DBQ Essay The Thirty Years War devastated all of Europe from 1618-1648. He imprisoned and many upon coming to power--up to a million according to some The main antagonists were the Nationalists under Gen. Francisco Franco and the Republicans underFrancisco Largo Caballero and, later, Juan Negrn. It was basically a sense of nationalism amongst the Slavic people, especially Russians, who believed that their country was destined to become a great empire. The Nationalists, as the rebels were called, received aid from Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. A well-planned military uprising began on July 17, 1936, in garrison towns throughout Spain. prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Spanish-Civil-War. Government forces put down the uprising in most regions except parts of northwestern and southwestern Spain, where the Nationalists held control and named Francisco Franco head of state. The coup evolved into the Spanish Civil War during which he led the right-wing Nationalists against the Republicans. In the elections of February 1936 the left won a clear majority. Both the Nationalist and Republican sides, seeing themselves as too weak to win a quick victory, turned abroad for help. Germany also made a great contribution in the form of specialists and Such was the case in 20th-century Spain, where several years of attempted republican rule erupted into civil war, eventually giving way to a fascist dictatorship that lasted well into the 1970s . In the elections of February 1936 the left won a clear majority. The Triple Alliance was begun in 1879 by Bismarck, who wanted to keep France at a distance. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Updates? The Nationalists were supported by Mussolinis Italy and Nazi Germany. Thus strengthened, the Loyalists fought desperately against Franco and his supporters (including the Roman Catholic Church, of whom they murdered more than 1000 priests and nearly 300 nuns). The right reacted with fervor. The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg, Germany, from 1945 to 1949, at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice. extent as the Republicans. The The Spanish-American War lasted only six weeks and resulted in a decisive victory for the United States. The The Nationalists had no such bombing. The two sides fought fierce and bloody skirmishes in a war of attrition. He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox" for the skillful military campaigns he waged on behalf of the German Army in North Africa. In response to this loss of good will, France shifted its policy and began to accept the fact that Germany was once again going to be a major player in central European politics. Its cruelty is conveyed in the coldly eloquent monochrome of Picassos painting. Moltke, however, gave too-vague orders to the troops on the French front, resulting in a retreat. Spansish Civil War | CourseNotes a British politician and three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg. At first it looked as if the plan would work, but Russia was able to mobilize its army much faster than anyone had anticipated and penetrated the border of East Prussia. The war ended on 1 April 1939, when the last Republican troops surrendered. government fell prey to corruption and faction, and support and organization One of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known as the co-founder, along with Georges Braque, of cubism. ammunition, and was beset by incompetent junior officers and political factions Bismarck signed the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia in 1887 to ensure Germany's safety. Labor unrest was widespread in the early 1930s, and the election of February 16, 1936, brought to power a leftist Popular Front government. estimates. On April 1, 1945, they invaded Okinawa, only 300 miles south of the Japanese home islands.