False friends - are an umbrella term where some similarity between two words in a language pair dealt with look or sound sufficiently alike to sometimes make translators render the source word by a target word that is semantically wrong in that context. The way a language chooses to express, or not express, various meanings cannot be predicted and only occasionally matches the way another language chooses to express the same meanings. essay, The Catcher in the Rye and The Outsider novels hold, Catcher in the Rye Essay Argumentative Essay, Belonging Essay 'Romulus My Father', 'the Lost Thing' and 'the Catcher in the Rye', Write The unexpectedness of word usage is closely connected with expressiveness of the statement. Another detail is that the hats color, red is the same color as Allies and Phoebes hair. Not only poets and writers, but also journalists frequently create unexpected word combination that makes their statements significantly vivid and original. . Some idioms are 'misleading'; they seem transparent because they offer a reasonable literal interpretation and their idiomatic meanings are not necessarily signalled in the surrounding text. The translation process from one language into another is inevitable without necessary grammatical transformations (change of structure). Holden Caulfield Character Analysis Essay - 1440 Words | 123 Help Me Paradigmatic equivalence, where there is equivalence of `the elements of a paradigmatic expressive axis', i.e. The lexical translation consists in expliciting through other words the denotative meaning of the phraseologism, giving up all the other style and connotation aspects. There are many thorns that can mortify us during the translation process, whatever the nature of the text we face, and translators should be aware of them. He reads Holden's composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that it's no wonder Holden is being expelled. Alex Gross,The Theories of Translation. Both physical and emotional relationships offer Holden opportunity to break out of his isolated shell. The main strategy used was the practical act of comparing the above-mentioned versions, focusing on the importance of Salingers writing style and use of language (already discussed in the first chapters), on discussing mainly the cases of misunderstandings and mistranslations, of problems of equivalence, of losses and gains, of linguistic untranslatability, of the translators visibility or invisibility in the TT, on accuracy in translation, adaptability, fidelity and faithfulness or infidelityall these cases seconded by examples in point and by my personal suggestions of other possible translations of certain (more challenging) words or passages from Salingers novel. Then if he does it, he does it his way. Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. Of all the places in the novel where Holden discusses his hat, the most famous and recognizable symbol in the book, this is probably the most enlightening. They sought to capture the essence of modern life in the form and content of their work. The examples for this type of translation difficulties could be seen from the first page of the novel where the author uses all the meanings of the word hell such as: This word is one of the first words that is used with a lot of meanings and that is one of the type of translation difficulties in The Catcher in the Rye. Catcher in the Rye Essay In the novel The Catcher and the Rye by J. D. Salinger Holden believes childhood, and adulthood are completely different. Chapter 4 - Catcher 2. I personally thought the red hunting hat, The Museum of Natural History, and The Ducks in the Central Park Lagoon were the most significant and came up regularly in the novel. In the end can be concluded that the main Lexical translation problems are: Practically, stylistic devices in almost all languages are similar still though their functions in speech vary. He always mentions when hes wearing it and he often doesnt wear it if he is going to be around people he associates with. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. cite it. . Indeed, the cynicism that Holden uses to avoid expressing his feelings may result from Allies death. The theme of the painfulness of growing up is very important in the book. The fact that he keeps the mitt with poems inside, tells the reader that Holden has not let Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this answer and thousands more. Holden's younger brother, Allie, had died of leukemia several years before, and Allie was one of the few people about whom Holden has nothing bad to say. We can see that it were negative comments, hard criticsMany critics told that there wasnt any novel that went into the adolescence as this Salingers work. The last type of characters speech is represented speech which also could be called inner speech and that was used in order to described Holdens thoughts and the way in which he thought also this type was used by the author in order to convey to the reader Holdens feelings. He reads Holden's composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that it's no wonder Holden is being expelled. Holden tears up the composition because Stradlater dislikes the poem and which infuriates him. It took the standards of The New Yorker editors, among them William Shawn, to refine his writing into the "spare, teasingly mysterious, withheld" qualities of "A Perfect Day for Banana fish", The Catcher in the Rye, and his stories of the early 1950s. Holden believes childhood is very. The popularity of the novel and debate over its redeeming social value have never faltered since its initial publication, due in no large part to the fact that J.D. The point the authors trying to make is the pond itself becomes a minor metaphor for the world as Holden sees it, because it is partly frozen and partly not frozen. Grammatical transformations are characterized by various principles grammatical and lexical as well, though the principal role is given to grammatical ones. There are different kinds of difficulties that appear during the process of translation and one of the main is lexical difficulties which is one of the main .Lexical difficulties in translation deals especially with the word meaning. In the book there are many cases of Holden Caulfield trying to resist growing. The main reasons for the novels extensive banning refer to the colloquial and slang language used by Holden Caulfield and to the books sexual content. I have also tried to briefly present the reception of the novel, the translations and solutions offered to the problems raised by Salingers use of colloquial language in other countries. His former teacher is needling him about his failures at Pencey; at this point, he lectures Holden about the importance of playing by the rules. The symbols I have chosen display Holden Caufields emotions, actions, and way of life. Salinger. The semantic structure of a word predefines the possibility of its contextual use, and the translation of contextual meaning presents a hard task to translators. http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/catcher/facts.html; http://www.scribd.com/doc/9711270/the-Catcher-in-the-Rye-1945-De-Veghe-in-Lanul-de-Secara-Jdsalinger. Some game. Slang is often to be found in areas of the lexicon that refer to things considered taboo. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. J. D. Salingers secluded lifestyle had its share of contribution and impact on the very popularity he has rejected and the implicit controversy. Mad about Children." It does not follow that a person proposing an explanation has any sympathy for the views or actions being explained. and how should i write it.. pls and thanks" eNotes Editorial, 27 Mar. Discount, Discount Code Following the idea of transferring the jargon, its adopted an idiomatic translation: A translation strategy that consists of producing a target text that conforms to the conventions established in the target language and to the spontaneous form of expression commonly used by native speakers., This novel is one of the most famous American novels in the 20th century and is strongly bound to American society. First, they dont contain all phraseologisms, then because every day new ones are formed, and lastly because dictionaries have a limited length and cannot contain all. The author used the hyperbole which is deliberate overstatement or exaggeration and the aim of this hyperbole is to intensify the main features of the novel and to show its utter absurdity. An important stylistic device that was used by the author in his writing is epithet. Throughout the novel, Holden struggles through teenage life because he cannot accept the given responsibilities that come with growing up. She was the daughter of his mother's best friend. harmony in order to life, The Importance of Stradlaters Composition in the Catcher in the Rye. Once the translator has coped with this obstacle, the most frequent translation difficulties are of a semantic and cultural nature: "Linguistic untranslatability" (cognates, i.e. However, the story had reached a turning point and Holden was at the height of his preoccupation, therefore, he could not think on the directions, so he decided to write about a baseball glove. The difficulties while translating are connected most of all with conveyance of national character of one or another work: the brighter it reflects national life the more illuminate characteristic situations the more difficult for the translator to find adequate functional figurative means. for a customized plan. I didnt mind the idea so much, but I didnt feel like being lectured (J.D.Salinger:14)through this stylistic device the author wanted to point out to the reader that Holden wasnt a boy who like to read a lot of and showed the he didnt like to study. The first time period was during World War II, and the second time period was during the 1960s. This chapter will point out the activity of one of the main representative of the 20th century J.D.Salinser and critics about one of the well-known writing of this writer The Catcher in the Rye. Salinger uses much of the symbolism to show how the life of the characters has become happy. The conclusion is that the Romanian translation played an innovatory role and an influential one in the literary system of the native country by breaking the norms of the TL, in order to render the stylistic qualities of the ST, and by introducing the use of slang language into Romanian, as a new and alternative means of expression. Salinger has the power to disconnect between his adorated teenagers and phony adults: he magnifies childrens intelligence; so we can say that the kind of language used in this novel is not monotonous. Stuff is a collection of junk or a group of items or matter. Salinger uses much of the Zen philosophy, as in the case of Nine Stories, to achieve this liberation. The research started by using the strategy of creating links between different relevant aspects of J. D. Salingers life and work, different contexts involved in the production of his fiction, as well as in the production of the Romanian translations and different major studies on translation theories in order to have a strong starting point contribution in the analytic comparative case study between J. D. Salingers novel and its Romanian renditions in order to demonstrate Salingers reception, his impact on Romanian readership and the analysis of the need for a retranslation of his novel. But it is what it aims at. His monologues are actually a linked association of ideas: he begins talking about his childhood, which leads him to his parents; then, while mentioning his New York adventures, he says that his brother already knows all about it, so he starts talking about his brother, that he has a talent for writing, but now lives in Hollywood wasting his energies in movies, which enables Holden to express his opinion about movies. What is so important about the composition that Holden writes for Idioms and fixed expressions which contain culture-specific items are not necessarily untranslatable. The semantics of a word reflects different signs of the subject and the relation of its meanings to other objects it denotes. The pressure of adolescent sexualityan important theme throughout The Catcher in the Rye makes itself felt here for the first time: Holden's greatest worry is that Stradlater will make sexual advances toward Jane. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Catcher in the Rye! Why is Holden worried about Jane and her date with Stradlater? 3, 16 July 1951, 20-1. The works of Salinger show the quest for happiness through religion, loneliness, and symbolism. As you can see the theme of the painfulness of growing up is very prevalent throughout The Catcher In The Rye. Distinguishing between various meanings of a word of general vocabulary. Since The Catcher in the Rye was written in the 1940s, many of the slangy expressions in it are probably nowadays considered old fashioned and not used anymore. American Literature books summary. Because Holden depends on his isolation to preserve his detachment from the world and to maintain a level of self-protection, he often sabotages his own attempts to end his loneliness. This difference of word combinability in various languages is very important; therefore some types of combinability are easily accepted in one of language and are completely unacceptable in other languages. The literature of this period is marked by the activities of many well-known writers. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. You can view our. Theyre nice and all Im not saying that but. He resents society as he does not seem to be part of it, and looks for sense of real place for him, where he could focus more on his phoniness. Most often is the correspondence of first lexical-semantic variants of such words their primary meaning then we have various lexical-semantic variants for the course of development of these words was of different nature. CompletelyFlammable 2 yr. ago. Its a fine book, with interesting racial perspectives and the conflict is about cultural differences. The Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press 2007; http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50034626?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=catharsis&first=1&max_to_show=10. The second type of difficulty is distinguishing between various uses of a word of general vocabulary. on 50-99 accounts. The ducks represented how he would feel, being happy. More books than SparkNotes. The New Republic, Vol. .(J. D. Salinger: p. 18) with the translation into Romanian like Ackley, pu?iule? . My It is his catch-all for describing the superficiality, hypocrisy, pretension, and shallowness that he encounters in the world around him. If you get on the side where all the hot-shots are, then it's a game, all rightI'll admit that. It was tried to give a detailed study of the features of translation difficulties. In The Catcher in the Rye, why does Holden like Mercutio (from Romeo and Juliet) so much? This is characterized by different functioning of a word in language, different in usage and combinability, but even the primary meaning of an English word maybe wider of the corresponding one in Russian. Associated with the noun following it, pointing out to a feature which is essential to the object they describe; Unassimilated with the noun, epithets that add a feature which is unexpected and which strike the reader. But Holden's interaction with Mr. Antolini is the event that precipitates his full-blown breakdown. Continue to start your free trial. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. Finally, the pond itself becomes a minor metaphor for the world as Holden sees it, because it is partly frozen and partly not frozen. The pond is in transition between two states, just as Holden is in transition between childhood and adulthood. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Catcher in the Rye Chapters 1-12 | Literature Quiz - Quizizz In The Catcher in the Rye, how does Holden describe his mother? . In the case of non phraseological rendering, there are two possibilities: one can opt for a lexical translation or for calques. It has also expressed my belief that a literary translation should not compete with the original, its main task being that of recreating the same atmosphere and the same effect of the ST on the TT readers and to make the readers understand the original text no matter if they speak or do not speak the SL since it is said that a translation can even make native speakers of a language better understand a SL text. We also see how alienated he feels. Contemporary met narratives were becoming less relevant in light of the implications of World War I, the rise of trade unionism, a general social discontent, and the emergence of psychoanalysis. International words are words that are used in a wide range of languages in one or several forms. It was the first time an author, dared to tell it how it really is and tried to open America's eyes to understand the thoughts of a typical adolescent teenager. Franny and Zooey, NY, Bantam1964: Goodman, Anne. Holden never comments on the hats significance other than to mention its unusual appearance. of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. the English Literature by Stulov Does Holden Call Stradlater Phony? - On Secret Hunt We could think that The Catcher in the Rye is next to the classical humour (for example, two Mark Twai`s works: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The lexical translation consists in expliciting through other words the denotative meaning of the phraseologism, giving up all the other style and connotation aspects. The author used in his novel the comparison to show to the reader the variety and difference in Holdens thoughts. In the case of the "hammer and anvil" idiom, a lexical rendering could be "to be in an uneasy, stressing situation". The well-known representatives of this period are Ernest Hemingway with his writings The Sun Also Rise and A Farewell to Arms.. Traumatized and made acutely aware of the fragility of life by his brother Allie's death, Holden is terrified by the idea of change and disappearance. Give her to me boy it was used for pointing out to the reader that Stradler with whom Holden discuss was a person that didnt pay attention to the persons beauty. Such style elements also gave him the illusion of having, as it were, delivered his characters' destinies into their own keeping." One language may express a given meaning by means of a single word, another may express it by means of a transparent fixed expression, a third may express it by means of an idiom, and so on. This cognitive approach perfectly applies to the transfer process of ideas from one language to another, which obviously implies a lot more than the simple reproduction model. One of those little English jobs that can do around two hundred miles an hour. Not so. He uses the pronoun you all the time, but as we know this could be translated as tu, c-ati, va. Its impossible. When rendering stylistic meaning of the source text a translator should be guided by the same principle to recreate in translation the same impression that might be left by the original text. A word is judged to be polysemous if it has two senses of the word whose meanings are related. In other words, in ellipsis an item is replaced by nothing. At this point in the novel, Holden's sense of disadvantage and corresponding bitterness seem somewhat strange, given his circumstances: he's clearly a bright boy from a privileged New York family. This is the cause of much difficulty inthinking criticallyaboutclaims. Holden likes his writing and talks about how he likes his writing and he supports him. After he finishes the composition for Stradlater, he stares out the window and listens to Ackley snore in the next room. But revealing these potentials of words is closely connected with the specificity of lexical-semantic aspects of every language and here forth we may observe the difficulty of translation of contextual meaning of words. Explore how the human body functions as one unit in What Do You Think Old Spencer Symbolize The Catcher In The Rye? - StudyMode There are different types of translation difficulties. What does this reveal about Holden? Why does Holden wear the red hunting hat? The terms 'explain' or 'explanation,' et cetera is frequently used in arguments. Salinger later explains that Holden will become free as these ducks. Salinger also shows his symbolism from other works through the work of Mark Twain. It was started by trying to define the concept of translation based on significant theoreticians points of view but it had not been an easy task. Statements which are justifications of some action take the form of arguments. Holden was very fond of his brother and discusses his reaction to Allies death. At the same time, he is very self-conscious about the hathe always mentions when he is wearing it, and he often doesn't wear it if he is going to be around people he knows. In this research the researcher tries to highlight the problems of the translators hesitation of translating the third-person pronoun, which the gender is not obvious, from Romanian to English. In 1951 Salinger released his novel, The Catcher in the Rye, an immediate popular success. database? It is not important to classify the device itself but the point is to be able to realize their ongoing effect and to identify the purpose of their application in the translation they are working on. In this case, the provided solutions are not the explanation of the sense of phraseologisms that, in the compilers intentions, should serve to translate them into the other language. Language, Voice, and Holden Caulfield: The Catcher in the Rye Part 1 10 minutes with: The Importance of Stradlater's Composition in the Catcher in the Rye, Explore how the human body functions as one unit in harmony in order to life //= $post_title Another important aspect of this chapter focused on the presentation of the major themes developed by Salinger in his novel, in the Nine Stories collection and in some of his mature and last publications until 1965 when he stopped publishing his writings. Reserved epithets composed of two nouns linked by an of phrase. in Davis 317), The Catcher in the Rye has been banned continually from schools, libraries, and bookstores due to its profanity, sexual subject matter, and rejection of some traditional American ideals. There are several reasons for this difficulty. Holden is an immature boy who in trying to seem older tends to lean more towards phoniness, a quality he despises in others. Or if they just flew away. The Ducks vanish every winter, but they return every spring. Thus, an important conclusion and argument in favor of C. Ionescus translation is that the first version is full of examples that lead to the idea of the need for a second translation in Romanian, examples which may not have been obvious without such an analytical comparison. The hat represents distance from society and insecurity. What is possible in one language maybe impossible in another because of its difference in semantic structure and its usage? They can be nouns, adjectives and verbs. the absence of the categories in one of the comparing languages; Even assuming monolingual disambiguation . his brevity, conciseness and concentration of style; his attentiveness to details and to exact dates and facts; his constant reference to parts of the human body; his leitmotif of the letter or note; his constant way of picturing certain female characters painting their nails or toenail or the recurrent motif of a man holding a childs feet; his constant references to colors and the symbolism within colors; his penchant for coining new words or changing different parts of speech into others; his inclination of dealing with psychological problems in his fiction; his tendency to use the pattern of sequencesequence in his characters namesin his themes, etc. Nevertheless the translators have tried to compensate this loss through distinctive methods. He is angry at life for being so unfair. During a period was established that Salinger's writing has influenced several prominent writers, prompting Harold Brodkey (himself an O. Henry Award-winning author) to state in 1991: "His is the most influential body of work in English prose by anyone since Hemingway." As he says to Mr. Spencer, he feels trapped on the other side of life, and he continually attempts to find his way in a world in which he feels he doesn't belong. your own essay or use it as a source, but you need