most campaign contributions for texas legislature races come from most campaign contributions for texas legislature races come from

(3) "Judicial district" means the territory from which a judicial candidate is elected or appointed. PACs can serve as an intermediary between parties. (2) deliver to the county clerk of each county a written certification of the county's population, if the county: (A) comprises an entire judicial district under Chapter 26, Government Code; or. be resold at Simards expense, as required by state law. 1/3 15 Q About ____% of the Texas house seats are considered competitive A A. (b) An expenditure under this section is not reportable under Chapter 254. If the trend holds true, we should see another $29.60 million flow into Texas campaign coffers before election day. 531, Sec. Which of the following is the main goal of a lobbyist? Legislature meets every other year The size of legislature raises issues, as smaller legislatures may be more what? 1096, Sec. (b) A person who violates this section commits an offense. 17(4), eff. Sec. 4, eff. Sec. 3233), Sec. An interest group is called a(n) - when it is organized as an umbrella organization that seeks to coordinate the various activities of member groups in a number of targeted areas. (c) If the contribution or expenditure is in opposition to a candidate, the candidate is entitled to recover damages under this section. A candidate must first receive $100,000 in qualifying contributions during the primary season for the state to provide a matching $100,000 during the general election. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. June 16, 1995. Party. You are called on to decide how your company should produce its new cell phone screen defroster (for use by skiers and others spending time out of doors in the cold.) LIABILITY TO CANDIDATES. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 3580), Sec. On a separate sheet of paper, write the best possible answer for each one. Sec. Professional group: Added by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. The house and senate can override a governors get with a ___ vote. The reimbursement may not exceed the amount reported as a loan. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. Who submits a recommended budget to the Texas Legislature? 2.07, 2.08, eff. (c) Reasonable attorney's fees incurred in the suit may be awarded to the defendant if judgment is rendered in the defendant's favor. A 501(c)(3) tax-exempt, charitable organization, 1100 13th Street, NW, Suite 800 \text{Household} & & & \\ (a) A corporation or labor organization may make one or more direct campaign expenditures from its own property for the purpose of communicating directly with its stockholders or members, as applicable, or with the families of its stockholders or members. Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. This title does not prohibit the imposition of civil penalties by the commission in addition to criminal penalties or other sanctions imposed by law. 4, eff. June 2, 2019. such as textbooks, contact OpenSecrets: info[at]crp.org. 253.152. June 2, 2019. "Dark money," or political money where the donors of the money do not have to be disclosed, originated in which U.S. Supreme Court case? A) Super PACs About __% of Texas House seats are considered competitive. A state senator that usually considers all the options and then chooses the one he or she believes is the best is demonstrating the ________ representational role. Incorrect Answer(s) 1, eff. 384 (H.B. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. $$ A(n) - is a private group that raises and distributes funds for use in a candidate's election campaigns. 384 (H.B. 2.09, eff. campaign contributions 2, eff. On . 6, eff. Battle for the Senate 2022 . 1134, Sec. 384 (H.B. Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. Why did 11 Texas senators go to Albuquerque, New Mexico on July 28, 2003? 3233), Sec. An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor. Here are the individuals who have dipped deepest into their own pockets for campaign contributions to federal candidates, parties, political action committees, 527 organizations, and Carey committees. This section does not apply to a political contribution made, for the purpose of sponsoring or attending an event, to a political committee affiliated with: (1) an organization that has been designated as an auxiliary, coalition, or county chair association of a political party as provided by political party rule or state executive committee bylaw; or. September 1, 2019. 253.097. 253.133. 899, Sec. ranks second in the nation in population size and land size Texas made up 45% of the state's population. Sec. (2) the report on which the expenditures from personal funds are disclosed clearly designates those expenditures as having been made from the person's personal funds and that the expenditures are subject to reimbursement. 899, Sec. Recent efforts at reforming it have been -. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. An officer, director, or other agent of a corporation or labor organization who commits an offense under this subchapter is punishable for the grade of offense applicable to the corporation or labor organization. 242, eff. RESTRICTIONS ON REIMBURSEMENT OF PERSONAL FUNDS AND PAYMENTS ON CERTAIN LOANS. Incorrect answers: Similarly, Republicans had raised on average $152,953, while Democrats had raised on average $119,046. 937, Sec. June 2, 2019. (e) Reasonable attorney's fees incurred in the suit may be awarded to the defendant if judgment is rendered in the defendant's favor. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. (e) A candidate, officeholder, or political committee that accepts political contributions totaling $500 or less from an out-of-state political committee shall include as part of the report filed under Chapter 254 that covers the reporting period in which the contribution is accepted: (1) the same information for the out-of-state political committee required for general-purpose committees by Sections 252.002 and 252.003; or. APPLICATION OF CONTRIBUTION AND REIMBURSEMENT LIMITS TO CERTAIN CANDIDATES. A Texan is MOST likely to identify as a conservative. The heftiest contributions are all to super PACs, because campaign finance laws restrict individual donations to campaigns to $2,800 per election. (a) A judicial candidate or officeholder, a specific-purpose committee for supporting or opposing a judicial candidate, or a specific-purpose committee for assisting a judicial officeholder may not knowingly accept a political contribution except during the period: (A) the 210th day before the date an application for a place on the ballot or for nomination by convention for the office is required to be filed, if the election is for a full term; or, (B) the later of the 210th day before the date an application for a place on the ballot or for nomination by convention for the office is required to be filed or the date a vacancy in the office occurs, if the election is for an unexpired term; and. An individual who is under 18 years old may make contributions to candidates and political committees, subject to limitations, if:. Sec. Of the 150 districts up for election in 2022, 96 had a General election with more than one candidate. Jan. 1, 1992. How often does reapportionment and redistricting of seats occur in the House of Representatives? 62, Sec. Is he liable for losses and expenses related to the rst Sec. (Registered lobbyists: How does Texas compare? Sept. 1, 2003. RESTRICTIONS ON PERSONAL USE OF CONTRIBUTIONS. 209 (H.B. (b) This section does not apply to a loan covered by Section 253.096. (a) Except as provided by Section 253.0351(c), each candidate or officeholder shall keep the person's campaign and officeholder contributions in one or more accounts that are separate from any other account maintained by the person. PACs offer greater accountability and transparency. 43, Sec. Powers similar to those of the Speaker of the House, Does not have to be from the same party that controls Texas Senate. 384 (H.B. June 18, 2005. Senate Candidates, 2019 - 2020 Export to CSV Showing 1 to 10 of 10 entries *Incumbent seeking reelection. (b) A judicial candidate or a specific-purpose committee for supporting or opposing a judicial candidate may not use a political contribution to knowingly make political contributions to a political committee in connection with a primary election. 864, Sec. An out-of-state political committee that does not file reports electronically in another jurisdiction may comply with Section 254.1581, Election Code, by sending a copy of the cover sheets of the report and a copy of each page on which the committee reports a contribution or expenditure accepted or made in connection with a state or local . ~~~~~\text{Car registration} & &4.33 & 0\\ WRITE-IN CANDIDACY. Senate fundraising numbers include receipts over the previous six-year cycle, including from special election races. About the office Members of the Texas House of Representatives serve two-year terms and are not subject to term limits. (a) A corporation or labor organization may make a contribution from its own property to a political party to be used as provided by Chapter 257. As part of our ongoing partnership with Transparency USA, we took a closer look at how the two major political party candidates for the Texas State Legislature have been doing with fundraising in a cycle-vs-cycle comparison from 2018 to 2020. 384 (H.B. 839 (H.B. 3066), Sec. (b) A general-purpose committee may not knowingly make a political contribution to another general-purpose committee unless the other committee is listed in the campaign treasurer appointment of the contributor committee. (a) A judicial candidate or officeholder or a specific-purpose committee for supporting or opposing a judicial candidate or assisting a judicial officeholder may not use a political contribution to knowingly make political contributions that in the aggregate exceed $100 in a calendar year to a candidate or officeholder. 905 (H.B. 384 (H.B. 253.104. For more information, please click through. Sec. OFFICEHOLDER CONTRIBUTIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH CAMPAIGN. While our totals capture all the donations to candidates whether large or small, there is no detailed donor information for those who contribute less than $90. resulting in a nal price of $130,000. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. Sec. Substantial contributions from PACs mean greater attention from candidates. 253.155. 253.132. CONTRIBUTION BY SPOUSE OR CHILD. September 1, 2009. -members 479, Sec. 1, eff. (c) A candidate or officeholder who deposits personal funds in an account in which political contributions are held shall report the amount of personal funds deposited as a loan and may reimburse the amount deposited as a loan from political contributions or unexpended personal funds deposited in the account. Public interest group: 1329, Sec. (a) A corporation may not make a loan to a candidate, officeholder, or political committee for campaign or officeholder purposes unless: (1) the corporation has been legally and continuously engaged in the business of lending money for at least one year before the loan is made; and. - Most campaign donations go to Republicans in the Texas legislature. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. CONTRIBUTION FROM CORPORATION OR LABOR ORGANIZATION. They are willing to work for free. Of the following groups like Democrats, Hispanics, Females, Incumbents, what group benefits the most from gerrymandering? 1, eff. 1, eff. Texas' longest-serving woman and Black person in the history of the Texas Legislature, Rep. Senfronia Thompson, has a compilation of bills she's introducing during the legislative session. ~~~~~\text{Clothing } & & 40.00 & 31.75\\ The House and Senate can override a governor's veto with what kind of vote? Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. A state senator that usually considers all options and then chooses the on he or she believes is the best is demonstrating what kind of representational role? Public employee interest group: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. (a) A corporation or labor organization or a political committee assisted by a corporation or labor organization under Section 253.100 commits an offense if it uses or threatens to use physical force, job discrimination, or financial reprisal to obtain money or any other thing of value to be used to influence the result of an election or to assist an officeholder. 7 The contribution limits work a little differently for presidential campaigns. lobbying 3233), Sec. In the early 20th century _____ areas were generally over presented in many state legislatures. 253.095. 40, eff. CONTRIBUTION FROM OR DIRECT CAMPAIGN EXPENDITURE BY POLITICAL PARTY. 8, eff. 253.101. (b) A person may not knowingly make or authorize a political expenditure in the name of or on behalf of another unless the person discloses in writing to the person on whose behalf the expenditure is made the name and address of the person actually making the expenditure in order for the person on whose behalf the expenditure is made to make the proper disclosure. Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. ~~~~~\text{Rent} & & 625.00 & 625.00\\ 384 (H.B. $$. (b) The commission shall base the amount of the penalty on: (3) the amount necessary to deter future violations; and. After linking all campaign accounts to a candidate name, Transparency USA "cleans" the data; in other words, they remove duplicate and sometimes triplicate entries. Minors. 2, eff. 253.157. Sec. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. 2586), Sec. 552, Sec. CIVIL PENALTY. Sec. 2, eff. Sec. CONTRIBUTION FROM CORPORATION OR LABOR ORGANIZATION. The candidate can then raise an additional $115,340 in qualifying contributions that the state will match, for a total of $319,442. CONTRIBUTION TO CERTAIN COMMITTEES CONSIDERED CONTRIBUTION TO CANDIDATE OR OFFICEHOLDER. (a-1) Subsection (a) does not prohibit a political committee from making a political contribution or political expenditure wholly or partly from a campaign contribution made by a corporation or labor organization to the political committee under Section 253.096 or 253.097. For permission to reprint for commercial uses, 17(1), eff. (b) The contribution limits under this section are: (1) for a statewide judicial office, $5,000; or. 4060), Sec. Based on data released by the FEC on April 01, 2021. COMMUNICATION WITH STOCKHOLDERS OR MEMBERS. LIMITATION ON CONTRIBUTION BY OUT-OF-STATE COMMITTEE. Sec. 5(1), eff. The Code of Judicial Conduct may not prohibit, and a judicial candidate may not be penalized for, a joint campaign activity conducted by two or more judicial candidates. 304, Sec. 1, eff. The rights to associate with others and to petition government are not guaranteed by either the U.S. or the Texas Constitution. 1096, Sec. 1009 (H.B. The drawing of legislative districts to favor one political party over another is termed: Most campaign contributions for Texas legislature races come from: Each election yer, about ______ of the House members face opposition in the general election, About ____% of the Texas house seats are considered competitive. June 15, 2017. ~~~~~\text{Cable TV bill} & & 25.00 & 25.00\\[10pt] (a) A person may not knowingly make or authorize a political contribution in the name of or on behalf of another unless the person discloses in writing to the recipient the name and address of the person actually making the contribution in order for the recipient to make the proper disclosure. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. How will these differences be reconciled prior to the bill being sent to the governor for consideration? Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. Collectively, U.S. House candidates raised more money by Aug. 27 than House candidates raised during the entire 2014 midterm election cycle, and Senate candidates weren't far behind. DC \text{Transportation}\\ 249, Sec. Sept. 1, 1997. CONTRIBUTIONS PROHIBITED. CONTRIBUTION TO POLITICAL PARTY. LIMIT ON CONTRIBUTION BY GENERAL-PURPOSE COMMITTEES. CERTAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BY JUDICIAL CANDIDATES, OFFICEHOLDERS, AND COMMITTEES RESTRICTED. September 1, 2019. creating political parties. 17(7), eff. 763, Sec. UNLAWFULLY MAKING EXPENDITURE. 763, Sec. Sec. Effective interest groups tend to have which of the following resources available to them? (3) for an office other than an office included under Subdivision (1) or (2): (A) $52,500, if the population of the judicial district is more than one million; (B) $30,000, if the population of the judicial district is 250,000 to one million; or. Sign up for our newsletter to track moneys influence on U.S. elections and public policy. 426 (H.B. 1, eff. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 3233), Sec. (b) A legislative caucus may not knowingly accept from a nonmember a contribution, and shall refuse a contribution from a nonmember that is received, during the period prescribed by Subsection (a). 3233), Sec. Sept. 1, 1997. A political expenditure that is made by the principal political committee of the state executive committee or a county executive committee of a political party for a generic get-out-the-vote campaign or to create and distribute a written list of two or more candidates is not considered a contribution to a judicial candidate who benefits from the get-out-the-vote campaign or is included in the written list and is not subject to the limits of Section 253.155 or 253.157 if the get-out-the-vote campaign or written list: (1) identifies the party's candidates by name and office sought, office held, or photograph; (2) does not include any reference to the judicial philosophy or positions on issues of the party's judicial candidates; and. For permission to reprint for commercial uses, In what ways are Texas, Montana, Nevada, and North Dakota similar? The lieutenant governor is not formally a senator and cannot vote except in cases of a ties, yet he or she had great power over the state. An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor. (e) This section does not apply to an out-of-state political committee unless the committee is subject to Chapter 252 under Section 251.005. They are public servants who do not personally profit from their backgrounds. EXCEPTION TO CONTRIBUTION LIMITS. "Pete Smith"). (a) A candidate may not knowingly accept a campaign contribution or make or authorize a campaign expenditure at a time when a campaign treasurer appointment for the candidate is not in effect. Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 253.151. (a) This section applies only to a person appointed to fill a vacancy in an office covered by this subchapter who, at the time of appointment, does not hold another office covered by this subchapter. Groups that represent which of the following interests tend to dominate the Texas legislature? 1, eff. ), Correct answers: 4.grassroot organizations. 1, eff. 253.041. (g) A person who violates this section is liable for a civil penalty not to exceed three times the amount of political contributions used in violation of this section. 1, eff. 253.1612. 253.092. An officeholder who lawfully accepts officeholder contributions may use those contributions in connection with the officeholder's campaign for elective office after appointing a campaign treasurer. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. Which of the following are reasons for forming a political action committee (PAC)? Greg Abbott is known for having a big war chest, and this election is no exception. They are in the best position to educate legislators. (2) a county executive committee that accepts political contributions or makes political expenditures that, in the aggregate, exceed $25,000 in a calendar year shall file: (A) a campaign treasurer appointment as required by Section 252.001 not later than the 15th day after the date that amount is exceeded; and. 2, eff. 1, eff. The contribution limits under this subsection are: (1) for a statewide judicial office, $25,000; or. & & &\text{Actual}\\ September 1, 2009. 3233), Sec. The decision to contribute is made knowingly and voluntarily by the minor; The funds, goods or services contributed are owned or controlled by the minor, proceeds from a trust for which he or she is a beneficiary or funds withdrawn by the minor from a . 384 (H.B. \text{Expenses} & & \text{Budgeted} & \text{Spent}\\[10pt] (a) A candidate, officeholder, or specific-purpose committee may not knowingly accept from a contributor in a reporting period political contributions in cash that in the aggregate exceed $100. 253.004. 253.097. Suppose that the results were organized in Table AMS 10.1-making each row in the table a pair of values for an individual subscriber. But the largest contributions to Romney came via . The Center for Responsive Politics looks at the donor demographics for the presidential race, a poll shows Ashley Judd is the favored Democrat to run for Senate in Kentucky and a lobbying firm picks up a big name. 3.13 & 3.49 \\ ~~~~~\text{Telephone bill} & & 35.00 & 41.20\\ Sept. 1, 1987. 5.20, eff. In general, Texas has relatively - rates of civic engagement. Operations: Meghann Olshefski Mandy Morris Kelly Rindfleisch Democrats currently have complete control in 15 states and Republicans do in 21. 76.01, eff. Sec. 1, eff. (b) A corporation may make political expenditures, including fully or partially matching contributions to an organization that is exempt from federal income tax under Section 501(c)(3), Internal Revenue Code of 1986, to finance the solicitation of political contributions to a general-purpose committee assisted under Subsection (a) from the stockholders, employees, or families of stockholders or employees of one or more corporations. 1, eff. Sec. 17(4), eff. Race can be a factor but not a predominate factor. Who submits a recommended budget to the Texas legislature? An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree. Correct Answer(s) 479, Sec. C. Piers similar tot those of the speaker of the house. However, thanks to the Citizens United Supreme. Sec. The lieutenant governor is not formally a senator and cannot vote except in cases of a tie, yet he or she has a great power over senate. 1096, Sec. USE OF CONTRIBUTION FROM NONJUDICIAL OR JUDICIAL OFFICE PROHIBITED. September 1, 2009. 3, eff. 3233), Sec. 253.007. In an average legislative session in the Texas legislature, about what percent of all bills introduced will actually be passed into law? 4, eff. The others . Sec. June 2, 2019. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. - Texas has more registered lobbyists per capita than just about any other state RESTRICTIONS ON CONTRIBUTION OR EXPENDITURE BY GENERAL-PURPOSE COMMITTEE. 1127 (H.B. (2) subject to the restrictions prescribed by Sections 253.162 and 253.1621. !function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var e in a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.getElementById("datawrapper-chart-"+e)||document.querySelector("iframe[src*='"+e+"']");if(t)(t.style.height=a.data["datawrapper-height"][e]+"px")}}))}(); !function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var e in a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.getElementById("datawrapper-chart-"+e)||document.querySelector("iframe[src*='"+e+"']");if(t)(t.style.height=a.data["datawrapper-height"][e]+"px")}}))}(); DEFINITIONS. About one third of the Texas legislature is composed of what professional group? REGULATING POLITICAL FUNDS AND CAMPAIGNS, CHAPTER 253. B. An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor. get-out-the-vote efforts September 1, 2009. What is the annual limit on special legislative sessions in the state of Texas or is there a limit? Incorrect Answer(s) External Relations: Moira Delaney Hannah Nelson Caroline Presnell An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor. -a tax increase by Santa Anna. 2 See answers Advertisement MubeenaD (e) In this section, "legislative caucus" means an organization that is composed exclusively of members of the legislature, that elects or appoints officers and recognizes identified legislators as members of the organization, and that exists for research and other support of policy development and interests that the membership hold in common. June 16, 1995. September 1, 2007. RESTRICTIONS ON REIMBURSEMENT OF PERSONAL FUNDS AND PAYMENTS ON CERTAIN LOANS. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. (a-1) A candidate or officeholder or a specific-purpose committee for supporting, opposing, or assisting the candidate or officeholder may not knowingly make or authorize a payment from a political contribution for the rental or purchase of real property from: (1) a person related within the second degree by consanguinity or affinity, as determined under Chapter 573, Government Code, to the candidate or officeholder; or. & &\text{Amount}& \text{Amount}\\ Answers: federal matching funds. What percentage of the Texas House of Representatives is elected during a presidential election year? 481 (H.B. 1, eff. Except for the Revolving Door section, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License by OpenSecrets.org. June 2, 2019. 3.36 & 4.24 \\ As of 2010 census, there were about 811,147 constituents per state senate districts in Texas. 899, Sec. 3233), Sec. September 1, 2007. Heres what we found: In Texas, 94 contested state legislative primaries took place in 2018, and 14 of them (15%) were decided by a margin of 10% or less. Rather, the vast majority of money spent on these activities comes from wealthy citizens and business interest groups. 3233), Sec. (b) A person who violates this section commits an offense. (2) a copy of the out-of-state committee's statement of organization filed as required by law with the Federal Election Commission and certified by an officer of the out-of-state committee. (a) During the period beginning on the 30th day before the date a regular legislative session convenes and continuing through the 20th day after the date of final adjournment, a person may not knowingly make a political contribution to: (3) a specific-purpose committee for supporting, opposing, or assisting a statewide officeholder or member of the legislature. Which of the following is not among the powers of the Speaker of the House in the Texas House of Representatives? Sept. 1, 2003. 384 (H.B. (c) Repealed by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. (a) Repealed by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. A corporation or labor organization may make campaign contributions from its own property to a political committee that has filed an affidavit with the committee's campaign treasurer appointment in accordance with Section 252.003(a)(4) or 252.0031(a)(2). 3233), Sec. Why? Sec. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. (b) This section does not apply to a political expenditure made or authorized in violation of Subchapter F. Sec. SUBCHAPTER F. JUDICIAL CAMPAIGN FAIRNESS ACT. Fundraising in Texas state legislative elections, 2020, Democrats vs. Republicans, by the numbers, List of political parties in the United States, Signature requirements and deadlines for 2023 state government elections, Comparing campaign finance data in state elections, 2018-2020, Federal campaign finance laws and regulations, Texas House of Representatives elections, 2020, Ballotpedia: Our partnership with Transparency USA, State legislative special elections (2023), State legislative special elections (2022), How vacancies are filled in state legislatures, When state legislators assume office after a general election, Population represented by state legislators, State constitutional articles governing state legislatures, State legislature candidate requirements by state, State legislative chambers that use multi-member districts, Factors Affecting Competitiveness in State Legislative Elections, State senators sorted by year first elected, State representatives sorted by year first elected, Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy, https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Fundraising_in_Texas_state_legislative_elections,_2020&oldid=8161340, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections.