I was relaxing and eating and all of a sudden, it felt as if my heart was stopping. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This just happened to my dog. How does that happen? We then noticed that I was a high B.P. Then there is the bitch whose temperature has dropped and seems to want to stay in first stage for the rest of her life. (No signs of labor), no distress; she is just lying down. This is hormonally influenced initially and they are incredibly protective of their young. The night before my induction my dog was acting super clingy and protective. My dog is pregnant 58 days. However, they wont always be moving, and there will be periods of inactivity. When your dog is getting ready to give birth it is normal for her to refuse food. In dogs, the first stage is 12-30 hours before labor. We then came to know that I was suffering from the stage 2 renal disease. Diagnosis of early labor will be based on the symptoms and the expected time of delivery. Then there is the bitch whose temperature has dropped and seems to want to stay in first stage for the rest of her life. Hubbell Quazite Catalog, Then, day 63 from the first breeding came, no signs of puppies. She had one day of a normal temp (and she ate everything in sight), then it went back up, hovering between 103.5 and 104. It got up to 73 degrees by lunch time and it was gorgeous. As a first time mom (I'm guessing) she's just scared and doesn't understand whats happening. Her temp is 98.2. Newborn puppies need constant supervision. Her temp needs to drop below 37.1 it neds to be about 36.7 or around this and it will stay at around this for a good few hours. Signup for our newsletter to get notified about our next ride. My B.P. After that temp. Nesting or the nesting instinct is typically defined as the motherly drive of a pregnant dog to prepare a safe location to have her puppies. Do mom dogs love their puppies? One of the first signs of impending labour in dogs is a drop in mums body temperature from 38.5C to 37C labour usually begins around 12-24 hours after that. Normally, Ginger's temperature is normal throughout her pregnancy. In January about 4 days before I got my period the breast pain went away and I realized my temp had dropped. It can also take you by surprise how much sleep these fur-babys actually need. All Rights Reserved. I thought I'd share my chart to show you the temperature drop from this morning. This happened before a few years back.I remember now as I had forgotten. can arthur get a girlfriend rdr2; cook county jail roster; zip code validation rule in salesforce; An implantation dip is a one-day drop in your basal body temperature (BBT) that occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (about seven to 10 days after ovulation ). The first pup could arrive in a few hours. I started breathing heavily and my stomach was having severe spasms. My doc gave me trazodone and I took t for two weeks and decided to stop. Dog go and I took a runny piece of his bloodied poo in to the Vet. For most of the pregnancy, your goat will look like she is carrying her babies up high in her abdomen. State Highway Speed Limit, pentecostal assemblies of the world ordination, interesting facts about the battle of goliad, kansas unemployment claim status under review, causes and consequences of us china trade war, examples of restatement in patrick henry's speech, volleyball tournament columbus convention center. 9. A pregnant Jack Russell experiencing a drop in body temperature. Its recommended to call your vet if your pet is pregnant for longer than 63 days, just to be safe. She may also start pacing or digging. Then around 2:30 the temperature dropped and it STARTED SNOWING!!! They are unable to maintain their own body temperature in the first two weeks after birth. Once you suspect your dog is pregnant, take her in to the vet. Dogs crated & just fine while we went to eat and spent several hours in room. Great, we are on track. fordham university counseling psychology; pregnant dog temp dropped then went back up These signs are related to the uterine contractions and hormonal changes occurring, but you should not see the mother straining at all. First, it's normal for body temperature to creep up at night, adding proverbial fuel to the fire. Customer: My pregnant dogs temp dropped to 98.6 at 5am yesterday and she began contractions around 11:45 am. Veterinarian Dan Rice, in the book The Complete Book of Dog Breeding, describes a dogs mucus plug as a clear, odorless discharge that can be stringy and resemble egg whites. Prepare a nesting area. It usually looks like a whitish fluid. Call your veterinarian with concerns or bring the pregnant animal in if the symptoms are serious. Start taking a rectal temperature each morning and evening the last 7 days of gestation. 21,393 satisfied customers my pregnant dogs temp as gone down to 97.9, she is 62 days Green is not meconium. However, if a bitch was not to go into labor within 36 -48 hours after a definite temperature drop and was clearly in first stage labor (not eating, temors, lumping up . Then there is the bitch whose temperature has dropped and seems to want to stay in first stage for the rest of her life. Every night right at 3:01 am my tv go's to a brackish colord blue screen and after about 30 seconds, go's to a static screen and makes a loud noise for about 2 seconds and then go's back to normal. This continued for another couple of days - then on day 66, she went in for a physical. I've been feeding a stray cat for about a year, she has never come inside my home but lives and hangs close by. Your middle finger is the longest and can get to the cervix easier than other fingers. The pre-whelping decrease may only last a few hours. It then drops suddenly to approx. Many dogs will pant or shake. Bette Isacoff Dog Trainer A pregnant dog will gestate between 58 and 68 days, with an average of 63 days. Examine your dogs abdomen. Went back on the . At 6:00 p.m. the dam's temperature was 98.7more panting and mild digging. Even if you know the due date, theres no way to know what time of day shell deliver. I once again went back to the ER and this time I was admitted for a week. It often happens so early in the pregnancy that it is unnoticed. It is very possible that my large fibroid obstructed his view. AST tends to rise with ALT if liver damage is present. From my experience, temperature goes up and down between 37.4 & 37.8 during the last week. Answer (1 of 7): Normally, if she's been pregnant 58-63 days, this indicates the onset of labor. This means contractions have begun. I would get her to her birthing area (hopefully a well build welping box) and keep her there. Skip to content (517) 337-4800. Secondary uterine inertia occurs when the mother dog has strong contractions that decrease in strength or disappear. Return her to the whelping box and give her the puppies to nurse. If you monitor your dog's temperature regularly, you may notice a drop about 24 hours before she goes into labor. down since yesterday morning and just now it spiked to 101. Pregnancy Temperature Chart. Alkaline Phosphatase (or ALP for short): ALP is produced by the cells lining the bile ducts or the "plumbing" of the liver. When you breed your dog and everything is going well, then you can expect the litter of puppies within 60-63 days. I had a fever and horrible burning in my stomach as well. and settled a while. Keep a close eye on her. Take the best position that you're comfortable with. The main takeaway: There is a wide range of what's considered "normal" for urinary LH. In normal labour, your dog may show weak and infrequent straining for up to 2 hours (or at the most 4 hours) before giving birth to her first puppy. This is often compounded by well-meaning parents or caregivers swaddling their infant under piles of . Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. As labor progresses, the puppies, who are ready now to be born will come out of that outer sacks and the green discharge will be there. Still, many ethologists also claim that the puppy should be with its mother until 12 weeks of age. It often happens so early in the pregnancy that it is unnoticed. Primary uterine inertia is a rare condition that occurs when a dog doesn't experience contractions at all. Posts: 21. Wiki User 2011-06-06 22:06:35 Study now See answer (1) Best Answer Copy Nearly all dogs have a. You should expect a few sleepless nights while your puppy is getting used to their new home, their new routine, and learning how to hold everything in so there are no accidents in the night. The general guideline for newborn puppies is to hang a heat lamp about five or six feet above the box. 4 Why hasn&039t my dog gone into labor after temp drop; 5 Dog Pregnancy: Signs, Care, and Preparing for Puppies; 6 Early Contractions and Labor in Dogs; 7 You asked: Will a dogs temperature drop and then go back up? They reach their adult body temperature by their fourth week. There is a foul smelling or bloody vaginal discharge. I believe the kittens are nursing and think she is doing a great job at . last night she gave birth to a litter of kittens, I think 3 or 4 and this morning shes still in the same place in the bushes nest to my porch. There's some information missing - mostly I chart BBT and only chart other things when I remember. Why does my dog lie on her puppies? She will need the water so that she doesnt become dehydrated during the birthing process. About 24-48 hours before your dog goes into labor, their temperature will drop from 101.5 F (which is normal) to 98-100 F. Measuring her temperature twice a day can often give you an early warning. I'm going to call my gp later to ask about yesterday and see if I should mark that temperature as abnormal or . Your dog has been pregnant for over 63 days. Put the whelping box in a room that is isolated from other dogs. But even at the age of 4 weeks theyre still not able to regulate their body temperature. The lamp should be thoroughly secured, as a fallen lamp can cause fires and could burn the puppies or mother. As long as she is not in distress or straining for a long time without delivering, she should be fine. Then, take her out of the whelping box and allow her to urinate outside. Deeks lifted Lilly out and got to work cleaning her up. My B.P. pregnant dog temp dropped then went back up. About 24 hours before the beginning of labor, there will be a temporary drop in the body temperature. I had a fever and horrible burning in my stomach as well. Progesterone levels drop to 2 ng/ml about 48 hours before whelping (giving birth), dropping to 1 ng/ml about 24 hours before whelping. The whelping mother will then go through occasional minor contractions for several hours, before active labor with intense contractions take place. She panted with the normal temp. Twenty-four hours prior to labor, the temperature can drop to 98 to 99 F. The rectal temperature will drop below 100oF (37.8oC), usually an hour or two before whelping. If easy passage is not possible, or if medical treatment is not effective, your veterinarian will deliver the pups by Caesarean section. You can get FREE belly bands here using the code C113D4. This is due to the animal bodys reaction to being pregnant and protecting its developing offspring. Not only can this help detect any fevers or issues but knowing their temperature and any fluctuations experience can tell you when your dog is ready to head into labor. This morning at 4:30 (when my Lasix-enhanced dog gets up to pee! Once the temperature drops, thats when the first stage of labor begins, and after about 24 hours after the drop, shell begin whelping and have their litter of puppies! However, if a bitch was not to go into labor within 36 -48 hours after a definite temperature drop and was clearly in first stage labor (not eating, temors, lumping up . A typical canine pregnancy lasts for 63 days but some variation is normal. Momma dog's rectal temperature will drop to a low of 98 to 99 degrees. I have read that the temp drop MAY correspond to progesterone drop which is needed to get the whelp/detachment etc going but don't know how accurate that is. bitch`s body temperature will begin to go back up again. started researching and found out that approx 12-24 hours before Roughly 24 hours before labor begins, most dogs' temperature drops to below 99. Green is nothing but the color of the portion of the placenta that is next to the . The main takeaway: There is a wide range of what's considered "normal" for urinary LH. This is among the cat emergencies that require immediate veterinary attention, especially when blood is present. She is 11 years old and we always had her on it.and never problems with her. She is 11 years old and we always had her on it.and never problems with her. Then, day 63 from the first breeding came, no signs of puppies. This lasts 6-18 hours. pregnant dog temp dropped then went back up Posted by By used sherp for sale in florida June 22, 2022 tennessee republican party state executive committee All I know right now is that on CD 37 and 38 I had watery cervical fluid, on CD 39 and 40 I had EWCM, after CD 40 I had no signs of EWCM, on CD 43 I had sex using the withdrawal method, it is currently CD 54 and I took a pregnancy test . "Mommy read again." 8 Dog Whelping Signs, Charting and Birth Calculator; 9 Puppy Whelping 101 - PetMD; 10 All you need to know about your dog going . Your mother dog fails to go into labor within 24 hours of her temperature dropping. During the first four days of life, the environmental temperature where the puppies are kept should be maintained at 85-90F (29.5-32C). Bloat is when the dog's stomach fills up with gas, fluid, froth or a mixture of all of . Mild-moderate may feel more like the flu or "walking pneumonia": wiped out for days, deep, dry cough, fever . Protracted vomiting and/or diarrhea. From what we are seeing in terms of patient's experiences with COVID-19 it appears that mild symptoms can feel like a cold: runny nose, cough, sore throat. This morning at 4:30 (when my Lasix-enhanced dog gets up to pee! He carried Lilly over and they joined them. A healthy newborn can usually survive hypothermia if re-warmed slowly. This is the protective sac that the puppies are in. Look out for a hardened abdomen. Bulleted information courtesy Medicanimal.com, Read more: Why do dogs sit with their back to you, Read more: Our oldest companions the story of the first dogs, Read more: Where can i buy lifes abundance dog food, Below is a list of the best justice the dog in a veterans christmas public topics and compiled by our team, Below are the best information about blue american staffordshire terrier puppies for sale near me voted by users and compiled by Pet Paradise, invite you to learn together, Here are the top best how much benadryl is fatal for a dog public topics and compiled by our team, Here are the top best trifexis chewable tablets for dogs 40.1-60 lbs public topics and compiled by our team, Here are the best information about why is my dog snort like a pig public topics and compiled by our team, Below is a list of the best does my dog think im his mom voted by users and compiled by us, invite you to learn together, Below is a list of the best australian shepherd breeders that dont dock tails voted by users and compiled by petparadise.wiki, invite you to learn together, Below is a list of the best symbolism of the rabid dog in to kill a mockingbird voted by readers and compiled and edited by Pet Paradise team, lets find out, Below is a list of the best the power of the dog playing near me voted by users and compiled by petparadise.wiki, invite you to learn together, Below is a list of the best english bulldog puppies for sale in ohio under 1000 voted by readers and compiled and edited by Pet Paradise team, lets find out, Below is a list of the best what is half of 3/4 cup of dog food voted by readers and compiled and edited by Pet Paradise team, lets find out, Below is a list of the best drs. If she is not far eno. Temperature Drop A dog's body temperature is usually between 100 and 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit. Belly bands will be your best friend at this time. By the time she was done reading Donny was asleep. (About 10-14 days pre-whelping you are supposed to take the dog's temperature three times a day and keep a temperature chart.) Primary uterine inertia is a rare condition that occurs when a dog doesn't experience contractions at all. Sunken sides. Contractions that come along with dilation of the cervix are quite painful and your dog will exhibit physical signs that she is in pain. I got several of these with my second pregnancy, and they were great quality. As labor progresses, the puppies, who are ready now to be born will come out of that outer sacks and the green discharge will be there. The last two weeks have been a nightmare. Its generally advised to keep the male away from the mother and litter entirely, from the last weeks of pregnancy and until the pups are at least four weeks old when the mother is starting to wean them, and ideally for five to six weeks. Stage I labor has gone on for 24 hours without producing a pup. Next, with a nipping/licking action the cat picks up, then chews through, the umbilical cord and in the process provides a stimulation to the abdominal navel area, getting respiration going. If your heart palpitations are accompanied by signs of a heart attack, like chest, arm, or back pain, shortness of breath, and feeling faint, Dr. Andersen says you should call 911 or head to the . Steady strong contractions have continued for over half an hour without producing a pup. The temperature may then be gradually decreased to approximately 80F (26.7C) by the seventh to tenth day, and to about 72F (22.2C) by the end of the fourth week. The green color is only from the interior portion of the placenta. Nearly all dogs have a temperature drop 24-38 hours before they After confirming that Ginger was actually pregnant, the techs started researching possible causes for Gingers low fever. If I take out my EWCM then they go away completely but I left them in. The first stage usually lasts for 6-12 hours. Yes, heating lamps for dog kennels are safe for your pooch. Mother dog is resting for more than two hours and you know there are more puppies inside. Her temperature may rise and fall during this time, but once her temperature falls below 99F degrees (37.2 celcius), she should go into labor in the next 24 hours. Maybe you should try this food and see for those having stomach issues with your dog. The pre-whelping decrease may only last a few hours. Look for the sudden drop in temperature that occurs 24 hours before birth. Touring the world with friends one mile and pub at a time; southlake carroll basketball. It's easier to do in now then after she has given birth. From what we are seeing in terms of patient's experiences with COVID-19 it appears that mild symptoms can feel like a cold: runny nose, cough, sore throat. In dogs, the first stage is 12-30 hours before labor. I got several of these with my second pregnancy, and they were great quality. So from about 1:30 in the afternoon to about 4 in the morning it dropped 70 whole degrees. At 45 days you can get the dog X-rayed which would show possibly how many puppies are in their. Early labor may not follow the normal stages. You may also notice that she becomes a bit restless, has a decrease in appetite and produces a mild clear vaginal discharge 2-3 days prior to whelping. starting to build their nest for their litter, How To Tell If Your Dog Is In Labor For A Healthy Delivery, When Do You X-Ray a Pregnant Dog? At this time, it is fair to give your dam an indoor potty area in the whelping room, as she feels pressure and will want to try and pee every 20 minutes. That can mean dragging blankets to a new place, rearranging pillows, or squirreling away some laundry to lie on at the back of a closet. So she should be going soon. Not sure if I should go back on it and slowly taper off or just try to cleanse naturally. A pregnant dog will develop a mucus plug over her cervix, which keeps bacteria out of the uterus, protecting the fetuses. Longest time from temp drop to first whelp? Next, Dip a finger deep into your vaginal canal. I was cured in 2 days. Green is nothing but the color of the portion of the placenta that is next to the . She has an unbelievablly huge appetite and she has only eaten more and more as her pregnancy goes on. The presence of a dark green liquid called placental fluid is the only way to confirm she's in labor. Purraise. Good luck to you and the expectant mum. I've been feeding a stray cat for about a year, she has never come inside my home but lives and hangs close by. The normal rectal temperature for dogs ranges from 100 to 102.5F. I have a pregnant pitbull (husky dad) and thursday morning her temp went down to 98.9 at7:30 am and it was usually at upper 100 or read more Jane Lefler Breeder,Behaviorist, former. Dec 13, 2008 I had one that was at least 40 hrs from detected temp drop to first pup. Yes, puppies can be born 24 hours apart safely. As a first time mom (I'm guessing) she's just scared and doesn't understand whats happening. Progesterone levels continue to increase for two to three weeks after ovulation, reaching 10 to 80 ng/ml. I think my average is at least 24 at this point. About 24 to 48 hours prior to whelping, the temperature of most bitches will drop to below 99 o F (normal body temperature is about 101.8 o F) and remain below 99 o F. This drop in temperature is caused by a sudden decrease in serum progesterone concentrations caused from loss of the corpus luteum, which secretes this hormone. If your dog suddenly becomes your shadow more than usual you might be going into labor very soon. If your dog IS pregnant, be sure to start taking her temperature about one week before she is due so you can tell when there is a change within a few hours when she will give birth. In the summer before 12th grade, she got pregnant and had to drop out of school. Theoretically the temperature is supposed to go down and not go up again until just before the birth, and I have been told that if the temperature increases again but no birth within 12-24 hours of the initial decrease then this is serious and a C section may be necessary. If your heart palpitations are accompanied by signs of a heart attack, like chest, arm, or back pain, shortness of breath, and feeling faint, Dr. Andersen says you should call 911 or head to the . Use a hot water bottle filled with warm water or a heating pad set to low to warm the puppy. When you notice her temperature drop by a few degrees, delivery is coming soon. A good indicator that birth is coming within 24 hours is when they have. All puppies are born during this stage. Roughly 24 hours before labor begins, most dogs' temperature drops to below 99. Normal temperature is 101 to 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit. Normally, Gingers temperature is normal throughout her pregnancy. The cat's first act is to see that the kitten's nose and mouth are clear. Exercising and drinking a lot of water made my stomach go back to normal the next day, but if you are feeling extra bloated, it could mean pregnancy. Next, Dip a finger deep into your vaginal canal. 21,393 satisfied customers my pregnant dogs temp as gone down to 97.9, she is 62 days Mother dog is resting for more than two hours and you know there are more puppies inside. My moms dog is pregnant and her temp dropped to 99.7 then went back up to 100.6 when will she go into labor. However, it is most crucial to have a mother during the first few weeks of life. Then last week I woke up with complete black and blue eyes, the whites of my eyes were completely black from the blood vessels popping from my coughing fits during the night. There are some fairly obvious explanations for "night fever"the tendency for fever symptoms to be magnified during the evening hours. Thank you for visiting the blog. Veterinarian Dr. A door and/or gate should be used to keep other dogs away. I had not fallen or bumped my head it happened strictly from the pressure of my fits. Seg - Sex 8:00 as 18:00hs Sbado 8:00 as 12:00hs. She panted with the normal temp. If all goes well, the pregnancy and labor will progress as normal and youll be staring in wonder at a bunch of new puppies happily nursing from mama. You may find your dam much more restless and not able to get comfortable. When the rectal temperature drops below 100F this is a good sign that labor will begin within about 24 hours. Veterinarian Dan Rice, in the book The Complete Book of Dog Breeding, describes a dogs mucus plug as a clear, odorless discharge that can be stringy and resemble egg whites. One of the most fascinating aspects of veterinary medicine is how animals react to various treatments. Read more here! If you monitor your dog's temperature regularly, you may notice a drop about 24 hours before she goes into labor. Her temp dropped that morning, etc. A pregnant dog's temperature will often dip down up to 48 hours before going into labor. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Your mother dog fails to go into labor within 24 hours of her temperature dropping. The frequency and intensity of the contractions will increase as labor become imminent. Youve decided to breed your dog and the due date is fast approaching. Otherwise, symptoms of contractions will be the first sign that there is a problem. By then she had another baby, and within . When it bottoms out to 98 or 97.9, then you have about 2-12 hours. Once ovulation has occurred, the temps go up to a new, higher level, usually ranging from around 97.6 to 98.9 F ( 36.4 to 36.6 C ).The day after ovulation, the temp generally jumps up by at least 0.2 degrees F ( 0.11 degrees C ), and then continues to rise somewhat. Not sure if I should go back on it and slowly taper off or just try to cleanse naturally. Has anyone else had this happen. Temperature went back up this morning (36.62c). She had one day of a normal temp (and she ate everything in sight), then it went back up, hovering between 103.5 and 104. However, pregnant animal patients are still living creatures with needs like any other creature with a healthy immune system. pregnant dog temp dropped then went back up. Green is not meconium. . No puppy comes out after contractions lasting for 20 to 30 minutes. . Thats why its important to learn and understand the process so you know whats normal, what requires a vet, and when theyre ready to give birth. A year ago (six years after gallbladder surgery) I got very ill while eating beans and hot dogs. Nearly every canine mother loves every single one of their puppies. Therefore, immediate action is necessary to provide the warmth the puppy needs to survive. Frequent handling by humans can interfere with the pups feeding schedule and lead to low blood sugar, which can cause seizures and even death. Temperature went back up this morning (36.62c). The refusal to eat canned tripe, or any favorite treat, is another sign she is in pre-labor. Many breeders set it up in their own bedrooms for the first three weeks. This is her Expert's Assistant chat Furthermore, theyll start to pant heavily, with their temperature dropping from 100-102.5 degrees F down to 99 degrees or lower right before they head into labor. Ideally, newborn puppies should sleep with their mom until theyre 3 months old. Green is not a sign of fetal distress. "Mommy read again." aberdare leader obituaries Facebook national merchants association lawsuit Instagram jerry moyes houseboat Whatsapp My B.P. This means no walks in public during this stage of pregnancy and no contact with housemate dogs. The main symptom is the inability to initiate the process of birthing (parturition) at the end of the normal gestation . By then the father can be a part of the socialization process. To know when this happens, take your dogs temperature twice a day with a rectal thermometer throughout the final week of pregnancy. In the last week of pregnancy, your dog's rectal temperature will indicate whether her puppies' birth is imminent. Symptoms and Types. The first fetus should be delivered within 2 to 3 hours after the beginning of the start of hard labor. One large study showed that the median LH on the day before ovulation was about 44.6 mIU/mL, but that LH could be as high as 101, or as low as 6.5. The Stages of Dog Pregnancy. Will a pregnant dog temperature drop and rise? After a week, Gingers low fever had disappeared, and she remained healthy throughout her pregnancy. However, she had just experienced a bout of what some people call pregnant fever. During this time, Gingers temperature often drops during pregnancy- even when shes not pregnant. The failure of labor progression is hard to prevent. Your dog's temperature should read between 100 and 101 degrees Fahrenheit (37.7 and 38.3 degrees Celsius) in normal circumstances. It got down to 4 degrees overnight. While anecdotal evidence has suggested that the drop is seen more often on pregnancy charts than it is on non-pregnancy charts, an implantation dip is not a guarantee . foster & smith quilted super deluxe dog bed, Georgia redcoat marching band battle hymn of the bulldog nation, Mobile dog groomers for difficult dogs near me, How to train a dog that doesnt like treats, How long should my dog wear a cone after neutering, What dog breed has black spots on roof of mouth, English bulldog puppies for sale in michigan under 300, Proper dosage of prednisone for dogs with lymphoma, I forgot to give my dog his heartworm pill, Flea and tick yard treatment safe for dogs, Can you use human hemorrhoid cream on dogs, Why does my cat keep knocking over her water bowl, Why do my dogs lick each others private areas, How often should i change my hamsters bedding, Why the cat sits on a shelf above the stove. ), she jumped off the bed, peed, strolled out into the kitchen, jumped up on the .
Hi Atom Closest To Negative Side,
Sewing Pattern Design Software,
Articles P